Blood and other Tests
1. Complete blood count (CBC)
Complete blood count (CBC), also known as full blood count (FBC) or full blood exam (FBE) or blood panel, is a test requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood. A Medical technologist performs the requested testing and provides the requesting Medical Professional with the results of the CBC. A CBC is also known as a "hemogram".
The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets or thrombocytes. Abnormally high or low counts may indicate the presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are amongst the most commonly performed blood tests in medicine.
2. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate, sed rate or 'Biernacki Reaction', is a non-specific measure of inflammation that is commonly used as a medical screening test.
3. Fibrinogen Levels
Fibrinogen levels can be measured in venous blood. Normal levels are about 150-300 mg/dL. Higher levels are, amongst others, associated with cardiovascular disease (>460 mg/dL). It may be elevated in any form of inflammation, as it is an acute phase protein.
4. CRP
CRP is a member of the class of acute phase reactants as its levels rise dramatically during inflammatory processes occurring in the body. This increment is due to a rise in the plasma concentration of IL-6, which is produced in macrophages, endothelial cells and T-cells. CRP binds to phosphorylcholine on microbes. It is thought to assist in complement binding to foreign and damaged cells and enhances phagocytosis by macrophages, which express a receptor for CRP. It is also believed to play an important role in innate immunity, as an early defense system against infections.
5. Urea
Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys.
6. Serum Creatinine
Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function.
7. Blood Sugar
Blood sugar is a term used to refer to the amount of glucose in the blood. Glucose, transported via the bloodstream, is the primary source of energy for the body's cells.
8. ALAT/TGP
ALAT/TGP It is commonly measured clinically as a part of a diagnostic liver function test, to determine liver health. It is also called serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) . Diagnostically, it is almost always measured in units/litre (U/L).
9. ASAT/TGO
ASAT/TGO Aspartate transaminase (AST) also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT/AAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) is similar to alanine transaminase (ALT) in that it is another enzyme associated with liver parenchymal cells.
10. Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
Aspartate transaminase (AST) also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT/AAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) is similar to alanine transaminase (ALT) in that it is another enzyme associated with liver parenchymal cells.
11. Lipid Profile
Lipid profile. Lipids play diverse and important roles in nutrition and health. Many lipids are absolutely essential for life, however, there is also considerable awareness that abnormal levels of certain lipids, particularly cholesterol (in hypercholesterolemia) and, more recently, fatty acids with trans fatty acids, are risk factors for heart disease amongst others.
12. Blood proteins
Blood proteins, also called serum proteins, are proteins found in blood plasma. They serve many different functions including circulatory transport molecules for lipids, hormones, vitamins and metals.
13. Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is a valuable diagnostic tool as well as a way to monitor clinical progress.
14. Iron Level
Serum iron level. A low level means iron deficiency anemia
15. Sodium Level
Sodium. Blood levels of sodium.
16. Chloride Level
Chloride Blood levels of chloride.
17. Potassium Level
Potassium. Bloood levels of potasium.
18. Total Calcium
Total Calcium. Blood levels of calcium.
19. Ionic Calcium
Ionic Calcium. Blood levels of ionic calcium.
20. HGH Growth Hormone (GH)
HGH Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin (STH) is a protein hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. It is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland.
21. Insulin-like growth factor 1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults.
22. Testosterone
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. Testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females although small amounts are secreted by the adrenal glands It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In both males and females, it plays key roles in health and well-being. Examples include enhanced libido, energy, immune function, and protection against osteoporosis.
23. Free Testosterone
Free testosterone. Blood levels of Free testosterone.
24. Sex hormone-binding globulin
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol. Other steroid hormones such as progesterone, cortisol, and other corticosteroids are bound by transcortin.
25. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) , is a natural steroid prohormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands, the gonads, adipose tissue, brain and in the skin (by an autocrine mechanism). DHEA is the precursor of androstenedione, which can undergo further conversion to produce the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.
26. Prolactin (PRL)
Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone primarily associated with lactation. In breastfeeding, the infant suckling the teat stimulates the production of prolactin, which fills the breast with milk (lactogenesis) in preparation for the next feed. Oxytocin, a similar hormone, is also released, which triggers milk let-down.
27. Free BHCG
Free BHCG "the pregnancy hormone" is produced by the cells of the implanting egg and can be produced in the absence of an embryo. Beta hCG can be detected in maternal plasma or urine by 8 to 9 days after ovulation.
28. Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as TSH or thyrotropin) is a hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland.
29. Test for Amylase
The test for amylase is used to test for and monitor pancreatitis.
30. Lipase
Lipase is used to test for and monitor pancreatitis.
31. Cortisol
Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex (in the adrenal gland). It is a vital hormone that is often referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in the response to stress. It increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels and has an immunosuppressive action.
32. AFP
AFP is a marker for testicular and hepatic cancer.
33. Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a marker for thyroid cancer.
34. CA-125
CA-125 is a marker for ovarian cancer.
35. CA 15-3
CA 15-3 is a marker for breast cancer.
36. CA19-9
CA19-9 is a marker for pancreatic, gastric, hepatho-billiary and colon cancer.
37. CA 72-4
CA 72-4 tumoral marker.
38. CEA
CEA tumoral marker.
39. CYFRA 21-1
CYFRA 21-1 tumoral marker.
40. NSE
NSE marker tumoral.
41. PSA
PSA is a marker for prostatic cancer.
42. free PSA
Free PSA is a marker for prostatic cancer and prostatitis.
43. S 100
S 100 marker for melanoma.
44. SCC
SCC tumoral marker.
45. TG
TG (thyroglobulin) marker for thyroidian cancer.
